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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Querkraft</span></h1>
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<p>Die <b>Querkraft</b> ist in der <a href="Balkentheorie" title="Balkentheorie">Theorie des Balkens</a> die Bezeichnung einer <a href="Kraft" title="Kraft">Kraft</a>, die einerseits
</p>
<ul><li>auf den Balken als <a href="Orthogonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthogonal">senkrecht</a> zu seiner Längsachse gerichtete <a href="Belastung_(Physik)" title="Belastung (Physik)">Belastung</a> wirkt,</li>
<li>und die andererseits in einer Querschnittsfläche des Balkens liegt und dort dessen <a href="Beanspruchung_(Technische_Mechanik)" title="Beanspruchung (Technische Mechanik)">Beanspruchung</a> auf <a href="Scherung_(Mechanik)" title="Scherung (Mechanik)">Scherung</a> darstellt.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>
<p>Die Spannungsresultanten berechnen sich in der schubstarren, linearisierten Bernoulli-Theorie zu
<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}N_{x}(x)\\V_{y}(x)\\V_{z}(x)\end{pmatrix}}=\int {{\begin{bmatrix}\sigma _{xx}&amp;\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{xz}\\\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{yy}&amp;\sigma _{yz}\\\sigma _{xz}&amp;\sigma _{yz}&amp;\sigma _{zz}\end{bmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{pmatrix}}\,\mathrm {d} A}}">
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
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<mtd>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>y</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mtd>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>z</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>(</mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}N_{x}(x)\\V_{y}(x)\\V_{z}(x)\end{pmatrix}}=\int {{\begin{bmatrix}\sigma _{xx}&amp;\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{xz}\\\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{yy}&amp;\sigma _{yz}\\\sigma _{xz}&amp;\sigma _{yz}&amp;\sigma _{zz}\end{bmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{pmatrix}}\,\mathrm {d} A}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/284cfdd3b7e6d3d07220bdcb79e47cadf3bbc2b5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:46.281ex; height:9.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}N_{x}(x)\\V_{y}(x)\\V_{z}(x)\end{pmatrix}}=\int {{\begin{bmatrix}\sigma _{xx}&amp;\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{xz}\\\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{yy}&amp;\sigma _{yz}\\\sigma _{xz}&amp;\sigma _{yz}&amp;\sigma _{zz}\end{bmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{pmatrix}}\,\mathrm {d} A}}" loading="lazy"></span>
mit
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{x}(x)}">
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<mi>N</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{x}(x)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2c9732ffbd9dc0996b8baaaa2426ac8b41b9f34f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.178ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{x}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Normalkraft</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{y}(x)}">
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{y}(x)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/462bf4b2b8ca9f5fd7367b23f9a5781f04d4b7a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.544ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{y}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Querkraftkomponente in y-Richtung</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{z}(x)}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>z</mi>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{z}(x)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/373b803e0ccdafcb99b143422d1e884bbda492aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.496ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{z}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Querkraftkomponente in z-Richtung</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\sigma }}(x,y,z)={\begin{bmatrix}\sigma _{xx}&amp;\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{xz}\\\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{yy}&amp;\sigma _{yz}\\\sigma _{xz}&amp;\sigma _{yz}&amp;\sigma _{zz}\end{bmatrix}}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold-italic">σ<!-- σ --></mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>[</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
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<msub>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
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</mtd>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
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<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
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</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>z</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
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</mtd>
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<mo>]</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\sigma }}(x,y,z)={\begin{bmatrix}\sigma _{xx}&amp;\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{xz}\\\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{yy}&amp;\sigma _{yz}\\\sigma _{xz}&amp;\sigma _{yz}&amp;\sigma _{zz}\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e6e4ff905b57b0bf0bf4ab808b20b0386e360d4c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:30.667ex; height:9.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\sigma }}(x,y,z)={\begin{bmatrix}\sigma _{xx}&amp;\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{xz}\\\sigma _{xy}&amp;\sigma _{yy}&amp;\sigma _{yz}\\\sigma _{xz}&amp;\sigma _{yz}&amp;\sigma _{zz}\end{bmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span> dem <a href="Spannungstensor" title="Spannungstensor">Spannungstensor</a></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {n} =\mathbf {e} _{x}={\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{pmatrix}}}">
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<mi mathvariant="bold">e</mi>
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<mtr>
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<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {n} =\mathbf {e} _{x}={\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/180360f0c926dbc7bd84c6112abffd01f51b5bdb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:16.061ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {n} =\mathbf {e} _{x}={\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span> der normalen auf den Querschnitt (in der schubstarren, linearisierten Bernoulli-Theorie in x-Richtung)</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}">
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<mi>A</mi>
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<p>Die Querkraft berechnet sich somit zu
<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {V} (x)=\int {\begin{pmatrix}0\\\sigma _{xy}(x,y,z)\\\sigma _{xz}(x,y,z)\end{pmatrix}}\,\mathrm {d} A}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mi>A</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {V} (x)=\int {\begin{pmatrix}0\\\sigma _{xy}(x,y,z)\\\sigma _{xz}(x,y,z)\end{pmatrix}}\,\mathrm {d} A}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bc8063a717ef0b8a4c67d86ecd884794a025e454.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:29.846ex; height:9.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {V} (x)=\int {\begin{pmatrix}0\\\sigma _{xy}(x,y,z)\\\sigma _{xz}(x,y,z)\end{pmatrix}}\,\mathrm {d} A}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differenzialbeziehungen">Differenzialbeziehungen</h2></div>
<p>In der Balkentheorie gibt es unter den <a href="Bernoullische_Annahmen" title="Bernoullische Annahmen">Bernoullischen Annahmen</a> folgende Differentialgleichungen für die Queranteile:
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} R(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=-q(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} R(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=-q(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6f23a6e580dfb0eac28201ebe7cbd7e6f5764ed2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:16.147ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} R(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=-q(x)}" loading="lazy"></span><sup id="cite_ref-pichler2013baustatik2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pichler2013baustatik2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kurrer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurrer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} M(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=R(x)-N^{II}(x)\cdot \left[{\frac {\mathrm {d} w_{v}}{\mathrm {d} x}}+{\frac {\mathrm {d} w}{\mathrm {d} x}}\right]+m(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<msub>
<mi>w</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>w</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} M(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=R(x)-N^{II}(x)\cdot \left[{\frac {\mathrm {d} w_{v}}{\mathrm {d} x}}+{\frac {\mathrm {d} w}{\mathrm {d} x}}\right]+m(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d18f17e6cc7cfb56d3fbdecc49ec292e0f37572e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:49.312ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} M(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=R(x)-N^{II}(x)\cdot \left[{\frac {\mathrm {d} w_{v}}{\mathrm {d} x}}+{\frac {\mathrm {d} w}{\mathrm {d} x}}\right]+m(x)}" loading="lazy"></span><sup id="cite_ref-pichler2013baustatik2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pichler2013baustatik2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} \varphi (x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=-\left[{\frac {M(x)}{E\cdot I(x)}}+\kappa ^{e}(x)\right]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>κ<!-- κ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} \varphi (x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=-\left[{\frac {M(x)}{E\cdot I(x)}}+\kappa ^{e}(x)\right]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6c361a467ae360a960403a14ece48fd1b2490c50.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:31.455ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} \varphi (x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=-\left[{\frac {M(x)}{E\cdot I(x)}}+\kappa ^{e}(x)\right]}" loading="lazy"></span><sup id="cite_ref-pichler2013baustatik2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pichler2013baustatik2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pichler2016baustatik_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pichler2016baustatik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} w(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=\varphi (x)+{\frac {V(x)}{G{\tilde {A}}(x)}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} w(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=\varphi (x)+{\frac {V(x)}{G{\tilde {A}}(x)}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a031f754471b960cf31102e42f58bff32bccabc3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:25.107ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} w(x)}{\mathrm {d} x}}=\varphi (x)+{\frac {V(x)}{G{\tilde {A}}(x)}}}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>mit
</p>
<ul><li>der Laufkoordinate <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> entlang der Balkenachse</li>
<li>dem Elastizitätsmodul <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>dem <a href="Schubmodul" title="Schubmodul">Schubmodul</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}" loading="lazy"></span> (Term tritt in der schubstarren Theorie nicht in den Differentialgleichungen auf)</li>
<li>dem <a href="Fl%C3%A4chentr%C3%A4gheitsmoment" title="Flächenträgheitsmoment">Flächenträgheitsmoment</a>&nbsp;<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>I</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3e0137b5af3282e18ef9ccd6e3232aa776bce3e1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.311ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I(x)}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cd5e851b43895fbe06436240dc7daa4d2033f082.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.903ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Transversalkraft (in der <a href="Theorie_I._Ordnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Theorie I. Ordnung">Theorie I.&nbsp;Ordnung</a> gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R(x)=V(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R(x)=V(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/960462ea04b5ad37ebfc16fb32e246d6d52616cc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.928ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R(x)=V(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>)</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4ab3e825c2bf9c80d11d12e070a4626d48e03c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.926ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Querkraft</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N^{II}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N^{II}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1544b56326b070685def5b24fd098643cd0decf9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.151ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N^{II}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> die Normalkraft nach Theorie <a href="Theorie_II._Ordnung" title="Theorie II. Ordnung">Theorie II.&nbsp;Ordnung</a> (in der <a href="Theorie_I._Ordnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Theorie I. Ordnung">Theorie I. Ordnung</a> tritt dieser Term in der Differenzialgleichung nicht auf)</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c38bbafe34a043d284f19231b946a76c0a4b16b4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.209ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Gleichlast (Querbelastung pro Längeneinheit<sup id="cite_ref-pichler2016baustatik_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pichler2016baustatik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d2fab18f2df9b523ef8b7b63a291317294fc708.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.581ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> dem <a href="Biegemoment" title="Biegemoment">Biegemoment</a></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7426128eeeea7766bd61d64cf1d13c3b18dd9138.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.179ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> dem Streckenmoment (Biegebelastung pro Längeneinheit<sup id="cite_ref-pichler2016baustatik_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pichler2016baustatik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi (x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi (x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4c4046f1f2de7df04bde418ba2bc4d3898ac2385.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.659ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi (x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Verdrehung</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa ^{e}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>κ<!-- κ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>e</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa ^{e}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5168d2fb052234e8a69285d240ffd5705d322c1f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.476ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa ^{e}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der eingeprägten Krümmung</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/504b9ce86ec0b1d4267109ee950497126f04713c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.803ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Durchbiegung zufolge Belastung</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w_{v}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>w</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w_{v}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4bb3525141cb0497fa21c9cd2b840dc8a67a0559.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.833ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w_{v}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Durchbiegung zufolge Vorverformung</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}(x)=\kappa \cdot A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">~<!-- ~ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>κ<!-- κ --></mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}(x)=\kappa \cdot A}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8c0891c9fb01dbf7626f98a076c2682a6696d891.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.774ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}(x)=\kappa \cdot A}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Schubfl%C3%A4che" title="Schubfläche">Schubfläche</a> (Term tritt in der schubstarren Theorie nicht auf).</li></ul>
<p>Durch diese Differentialgleichungen ist somit ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Durchbiegung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}" loading="lazy"></span> und dem Biegemoment <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{y}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{y}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3391b1f20df109530a0dcadf3388fe77f7c9b328.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.442ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{y}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> im Balken gegeben. Dies führt zu drei Gleichungen, für die ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Durchbiegung und den <a href="Schnittreaktion" title="Schnittreaktion">Schnittlasten</a> im Balken (Biegemoment und Querkraft) sowie der äußeren <a href="Fl%C3%A4chenlast" title="Flächenlast">Flächenlast</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{z}(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{z}(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4e3f95c45b3a7656aa8e02d83433a1e3a7b23830.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.178ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{z}(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben ist (Die Koordinate <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> wird hierbei entlang der Balkenachse gezählt, die Biegung erfolgt um die Koordinaten-Achse <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span>, die Koordinate <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> verläuft in Richtung der Querkraft.):
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Berechnung_der_Querkraft_in_der_Theorie_1._Ordnung">Berechnung der Querkraft in der Theorie 1. Ordnung</h2></div>
<p>Die Berechnung der Querkraft ist besonders einfach, wenn das Bauteil, wie im Beispiel oben, <a href="Statische_Bestimmtheit" title="Statische Bestimmtheit">statisch bestimmt</a> gelagert ist, sodass die Schnittreaktionen aus den <a href="Mechanisches_Gleichgewicht" title="Mechanisches Gleichgewicht">Gleichgewichts­bedingungen</a> ableitbar sind. Unter der Voraussetzung, dass nur <a href="Geometrische_Linearisierung" title="Geometrische Linearisierung">kleine Verformungen</a> auftreten, kann ihr Einfluss auf die Kraftangriffspunkte vernachlässigt werden. Bei statisch unbestimmten Problemen oder großen Verformungen müssen alle Gleichungen (<a href="Mechanisches_Gleichgewicht" title="Mechanisches Gleichgewicht">Mechanisches Gleichgewicht</a>, <a href="Kinematik" title="Kinematik">Kinematik</a>, <a href="Elastizit%C3%A4tsgesetz" title="Elastizitätsgesetz">Elastizitätsgesetz</a>) gleichzeitig gelöst werden,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4.1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beispielsweise mit der <a href="Finite-Elemente-Methode" title="Finite-Elemente-Methode">Finite-Elemente-Methode</a>.
</p><p>An dieser Stelle wird statische Bestimmtheit bei kleinen Verformungen vorausgesetzt, die in vielen Anwendungen, insbesondere im technischen Bereich, vorliegen. Die <a href="Ableitungsfunktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ableitungsfunktion">Ableitungsfunktion</a> der Querkraft nach der x-Koordinate in Richtung der Balkenachse liefert die <a href="Streckenlast" title="Streckenlast">Streckenlast</a> q:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5.1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\operatorname {d} Q}{\operatorname {d} x}}=-q}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>q</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\operatorname {d} Q}{\operatorname {d} x}}=-q}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9233d85b681a4ac23af1a3362ea3402bcad495fb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:10.33ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\operatorname {d} Q}{\operatorname {d} x}}=-q}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Umgekehrt ergibt sich der Querkraftverlauf aus der <a href="Integralrechnung#Stammfunktionen_und_der_Hauptsatz_der_Differential-_und_Integralrechnung" title="Integralrechnung">Integration</a> der verteilten Last.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5.2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Stellen, wo
</p>
<ul><li>abrupte Änderungen der verteilten Last (beispielsweise an den Enden ihrer Einwirkung),</li>
<li>Querkräfte, insbesondere Lagerreaktionen, oder</li>
<li>Knicke</li></ul>
<p>im Balken auftreten, weist der Querkraftverlauf Knicke oder Sprünge auf. An diesen Stellen ist die Querkraft nicht <a href="Differenzierbarkeit" title="Differenzierbarkeit">differenzierbar</a> und die Streckenlast nicht <a href="Integralrechnung#Axiomatischer_Zugang" title="Integralrechnung">integrierbar</a>.
</p><p>Um obige Formeln trotzdem anwenden zu können, wird der Balken mittels des <a href="Schnittprinzip" title="Schnittprinzip">Schnittprinzips</a> in Stücke zerlegt, in denen keine abrupten Änderungen stattfinden. In diesen Stücken wird die Querkraft berechnet und mit Hilfe der <a href="Randbedingung" title="Randbedingung">Übergangsbedingungen</a> an den Rändern zum kompletten Verlauf zusammengesetzt.
</p><p>Die bereichsweise Integration ist schon bei zwei Feldern mit einigem Aufwand verbunden. Die Arbeit lässt sich jedoch mit der <a href="F%C3%B6ppl-Klammer" title="Föppl-Klammer">Föppl-Klammer</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle \dots \rangle }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨<!-- ⟨ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩<!-- ⟩ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle \dots \rangle }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/26212513a02b1ae540374fe070c0fd4f10a3fa00.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.533ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle \dots \rangle }" loading="lazy"></span> (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Macauley Brackets</span>) vereinfachen. Mit ihrer Hilfe können Unstetigkeiten wie Sprünge oder Knicke einfach beschrieben werden.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5.3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schubmittelpunkt">Schubmittelpunkt</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Schubmittelpunkt" title="Schubmittelpunkt">Schubmittelpunkt</a></i></div>
<p>Der Schubmittelpunkt ist der Punkt auf einem Balken<a href="Querschnitt_(Mechanik)" title="Querschnitt (Mechanik)">querschnitt</a>, an dem eine Kraft ausgeübt werden muss, damit keine <a href="Torsion_(Mechanik)" title="Torsion (Mechanik)">Torsion</a> entsteht.
</p><p>Bei Querschnittsflächen mit einer <a href="Symmetrieachse" class="mw-redirect" title="Symmetrieachse">Symmetrieachse</a> liegt der Schubmittelpunkt auf der Symmetrieachse. Bei Querschnittsflächen mit wenigstens zwei Symmetrieachsen liegt der Schubmittelpunkt im Schwerpunkt des Querschnitts (<a href="Fl%C3%A4chenschwerpunkt" class="mw-redirect" title="Flächenschwerpunkt">Flächenschwerpunkt</a>).
Im Allgemeinen, insbesondere bei offenen Profilen, stimmen Schubmittelpunkt und Flächenschwerpunkt aber nicht überein.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schubspannungen">Schubspannungen</h2></div>
<p>Aus den <a href="Bernoullische_Annahmen" title="Bernoullische Annahmen">Bernoullischen Annahmen</a> (insbesondere dass die axiale Verschiebung im Balkenquerschnitt nur von der axialen Koordinate abhängt) folgt eine konstante <a href="Schubspannung" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubspannung">Schubspannung</a> im Querschnitt<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4.2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}=G\left({\frac {\partial w}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial u}{\partial z}}\right)=G(w'(x)+\psi (x))}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>w</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>ψ<!-- ψ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}=G\left({\frac {\partial w}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial u}{\partial z}}\right)=G(w'(x)+\psi (x))}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ae2ee6c6ed748f32279b19cce9c4a3ac0bd22efe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:41.549ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}=G\left({\frac {\partial w}{\partial x}}+{\frac {\partial u}{\partial z}}\right)=G(w'(x)+\psi (x))}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Mit
</p>
<ul><li>der <a href="Schubspannung" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubspannung">Schubspannung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/029adbd956abd22d1f2b06046ca4ad4bc4093433.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.958ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}}" loading="lazy"></span>, wo der erste Index die <a href="Fl%C3%A4chennormale" class="mw-redirect" title="Flächennormale">Flächennormale</a> und der zweite die Wirkrichtung angibt,</li>
<li>dem <a href="Schubmodul" title="Schubmodul">Schubmodul</a> G,</li>
<li>der <a href="Ableitungsfunktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ableitungsfunktion">Ableitungsfunktion</a> w' der <a href="Biegelinie" title="Biegelinie">Biegelinie</a> w in</li>
<li>der axialen Richtung x, und</li>
<li>dem Drehwinkel ψ der Querschnittsfläche.</li></ul>
<p>Diese Spannungsverteilung ist nur eine erste grobe Näherung und gibt nur die mittlere Schubspannung im Querschnitt an. Wegen der <a href="Cauchy-eulersche_Bewegungsgesetze#Satz_von_der_Gleichheit_der_zugeordneten_Schubspannungen" title="Cauchy-eulersche Bewegungsgesetze">Gleichheit der zugeordneten Schubspannungen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}=\tau _{zx}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>z</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}=\tau _{zx}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75dc87da48ef620684706cf8b3ab03d2e340a15a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.015ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}=\tau _{zx}}" loading="lazy"></span> und gleichzeitiger Abwesenheit von Schubspannungen auf der Balkenoberfläche müssen die Schubspannungen an den Querschnittsrändern verschwinden. Aus der Gleichgewichtsbedingung<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4.3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau (z)b(z)=\int _{z}^{\frac {h}{2}}\int _{y_{0}}^{y_{0}+b}{\frac {\partial \sigma _{x}(y,z)}{\partial x}}\operatorname {d} y\,\operatorname {d} z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau (z)b(z)=\int _{z}^{\frac {h}{2}}\int _{y_{0}}^{y_{0}+b}{\frac {\partial \sigma _{x}(y,z)}{\partial x}}\operatorname {d} y\,\operatorname {d} z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/170690401e901cfefb7c5b652905382b8a606014.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:38.991ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau (z)b(z)=\int _{z}^{\frac {h}{2}}\int _{y_{0}}^{y_{0}+b}{\frac {\partial \sigma _{x}(y,z)}{\partial x}}\operatorname {d} y\,\operatorname {d} z}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ergibt sich aus der Querkraft in einem rechteckigen Balkenquerschnitt mit Höhe h und Breite b(z)=const der parabelförmige Verlauf
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}(z)={\frac {3Q}{2bh}}\left(1-{\frac {4z^{2}}{h^{2}}}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>b</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<msup>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}(z)={\frac {3Q}{2bh}}\left(1-{\frac {4z^{2}}{h^{2}}}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2e2044e37dd134cd99f1ea5050d0f30ac161260b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:25.243ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz}(z)={\frac {3Q}{2bh}}\left(1-{\frac {4z^{2}}{h^{2}}}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die maximale Schubspannung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz,{\rm {max}}}={\frac {3}{2}}{\frac {Q}{bh}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{xz,{\rm {max}}}={\frac {3}{2}}{\frac {Q}{bh}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/763e31625d88efbd787ec1c5076a924f79aaa756.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.744ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{xz,{\rm {max}}}={\frac {3}{2}}{\frac {Q}{bh}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>tritt bei z=0 auf und ist um die Hälfte größer als die mittlere Schubspannung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {\tau }}={\tfrac {Q}{bh}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {\tau }}={\tfrac {Q}{bh}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8cc0ddc82797ac0e2133e5517b22368eac154d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.954ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {\tau }}={\tfrac {Q}{bh}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, und bei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z=\pm {\tfrac {h}{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>±<!-- ± --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z=\pm {\tfrac {h}{2}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/09e52b301105a0fa866f52b3570c2e2f18ef0da6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:7.778ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z=\pm {\tfrac {h}{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist die Schubspannung null.
</p><p>Die Schubspannung ist in der linearen Elastizität, die hier vorausgesetzt ist, proportional zur <a href="Gleitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gleitung">Gleitung</a> γ im Querschnitt, der infolgedessen nicht eben bleibt und sich verwölbt.<sup id="cite_ref-Sadd_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Bernoullische Annahme vom Ebenbleiben der Querschnitte ist daher nur eine erste Näherung, und die Winkeländerung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w'+\psi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>ψ<!-- ψ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w'+\psi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a4893f78a026f7356786d781d29769f031a94885.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.702ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w'+\psi }" loading="lazy"></span> eines Balkenelements muss als mittlere Winkelverzerrung angesehen werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-pichler2013baustatik2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pichler2013baustatik2_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pichler2013baustatik2_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pichler2013baustatik2_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Bernhard Pichler: <cite style="font-style:italic">202.068 Baustatik 2</cite>. WS2013 Auflage. Wien 2013, <i>VO_06_ThIIO_Uebertragungsbeziehungen</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tuwel.tuwien.ac.at/course/view.php?id=5027">Onlineplattform der TU Wien</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Querkraft&amp;rft.atitle=VO_06_ThIIO_Uebertragungsbeziehungen&amp;rft.au=Bernhard+Pichler&amp;rft.btitle=202.068+Baustatik+2&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.edition=WS2013&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.place=Wien" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Kurrer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kurrer_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diese Beziehung findet sich schon 1851 in elementarer Form bei <a href="Johann_Wilhelm_Schwedler" title="Johann Wilhelm Schwedler">Johann Wilhelm Schwedler</a>. Siehe <a href="Karl-Eugen_Kurrer" title="Karl-Eugen Kurrer">Karl-Eugen Kurrer</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium</cite>. Ernst &amp; Sohn, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>494</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Querkraft&amp;rft.au=Karl-Eugen+Kurrer&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Theory+of+Structures.+Searching+for+Equilibrium&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783433032299&amp;rft.pages=494&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Ernst+%26+Sohn" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pichler2016baustatik-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pichler2016baustatik_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pichler2016baustatik_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pichler2016baustatik_3-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Bernhard Pichler, Josef Eberhardsteiner: <cite style="font-style:italic">Baustatik VO – LVA-Nr 202.065</cite>. SS2016 Auflage. TU Verlag, Wien 2016, ISBN 978-3-903024-17-5, <i>Lineare Stabtheorie ebener Stabtragwerke</i> (520&nbsp;S.).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Querkraft&amp;rft.atitle=Lineare+Stabtheorie+ebener+Stabtragwerke&amp;rft.au=Bernhard+Pichler%2C+Josef+Eberhardsteiner&amp;rft.btitle=Baustatik+VO+-+LVA-Nr+202.065&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.edition=SS2016&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=9783903024175&amp;rft.place=Wien&amp;rft.pub=TU+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ </span> <span class="reference-text">
D. Gross, W. Hauger, <a href="J%C3%B6rg_Schr%C3%B6der_(Bauingenieur)" title="Jörg Schröder (Bauingenieur)"> J. Schröder</a>, W. A. Wall: <cite style="font-style:italic">Technische Mechanik 2</cite>. Elastostatik. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-40965-3, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40966-0_6">10.1007/978-3-642-40966-0_6</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-40966-0_6">Der Arbeitsbegriff in der Elastostatik</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Querkraft&amp;rft.au=D.+Gross%2C+W.+Hauger%2C++J.+Schr%C3%B6der%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Technische+Mechanik+2&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-40966-0_6&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783642409653&amp;rft.place=Heidelberg&amp;rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&amp;rft.volume=Band+2" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
<ol class="mw-subreference-list"><li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">14f</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">104,135</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">137f</span>
</li>
</ol></li>
<li><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ </span> <span class="reference-text">
D. Gross, W. Hauger, <a href="J%C3%B6rg_Schr%C3%B6der_(Bauingenieur)" title="Jörg Schröder (Bauingenieur)"> J. Schröder</a>, W. A. Wall: <cite style="font-style:italic">Technische Mechanik 1</cite>. Statik. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-13805-8, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13806-5">10.1007/978-3-642-13806-5</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Querkraft&amp;rft.au=D.+Gross%2C+W.+Hauger%2C++J.+Schr%C3%B6der%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Technische+Mechanik+1&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-13806-5&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783642138058&amp;rft.place=Heidelberg&amp;rft.pub=Springer-Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
<ol class="mw-subreference-list"><li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">184</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">185</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">196</span>
</li>
</ol></li>
<li id="cite_note-Sadd-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sadd_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Martin H. Sadd: <cite style="font-style:italic">Elasticity – Theory, applications and numerics</cite>. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005, ISBN 0-12-605811-3, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>145<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>ff</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780126058116/elasticity">sciencedirect.com</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Querkraft&amp;rft.au=Martin+H.+Sadd&amp;rft.btitle=Elasticity+-+Theory%2C+applications+and+numerics&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0126058113&amp;rft.pages=145ff&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier+Butterworth-Heinemann" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
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